MouseJack is a security vulnerability that allows attackers to intercept and manipulate wireless communications between keyboards, mice, and their USB receivers. This flaw, affecting several popular manufacturers, exposes users to risks such as unauthorized keystroke injection and data exfiltration.
What is MouseJack?
MouseJack was discovered by Bastille Networks, revealing weaknesses in the implementation of wireless communication protocols for certain peripherals. Unlike Bluetooth devices that typically use robust encryption, many wireless keyboards and mice rely on proprietary protocols with inadequate security measures.
Attackers exploiting MouseJack can use a USB radio dongle and a few lines of code to:
- Inject malicious keystrokes into the target’s computer.
- Bypass encryption due to unprotected data transmissions.
- Take control of the connected system.
How It Works
MouseJack leverages vulnerabilities in the 2.4GHz wireless spectrum, a frequency range widely used by wireless peripherals. Here’s how the attack unfolds:
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Scanning for Devices: Attackers identify wireless keyboards and mice operating on vulnerable protocols within range.
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Packet Injection: The attacker uses specialized tools, such as a USB radio dongle, to inject unauthorized packets into the communication stream.
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Keystroke Injection: By simulating legitimate device behavior, the attacker can send keystrokes to execute malicious commands on the victim’s machine.
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Lack of Authentication: Many affected devices do not authenticate their receivers, allowing attackers to hijack the communication link seamlessly.
Affected Devices
MouseJack impacts peripherals from several major manufacturers, including but not limited to:
- Logitech
- Dell
- HP
- Microsoft
These devices often prioritize ease of use over robust security, leaving gaps in encryption and authentication protocols.
Demonstration
A typical MouseJack attack might look like this:
- The attacker connects a USB radio dongle to a laptop.
- Using an open-source tool, such as the MouseJack suite, they scan for active wireless devices.
- Once a target is identified, the attacker injects a sequence of keystrokes to open a terminal and download malware.
The attack is quick, silent, and requires no interaction from the victim.
Mitigation Strategies
To defend against MouseJack vulnerabilities, consider the following measures:
Device Manufacturers:
- Firmware Updates: Manufacturers should release patches to address protocol weaknesses.
- Encryption: Implement end-to-end encryption for all wireless communications.
- Authentication: Require pairing verification between devices and receivers.
Users:
- Firmware Check: Regularly update your device firmware.
- Upgrade Devices: Use peripherals that adhere to modern security standards, such as Bluetooth with AES encryption.
- Disable USB Receivers: When not in use, unplug wireless receivers to minimize exposure.
Conclusion
MouseJack underscores the importance of security in wireless technologies. While these peripherals offer convenience, they can introduce significant risks if not properly secured. Both manufacturers and users must take proactive steps to mitigate these vulnerabilities and ensure safer wireless communication.
For a detailed guide on securing your wireless devices, stay tuned to the “Radio Hacking” series.